Study finds epigenetic traits break Mendel's genetic laws

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A federally funded mouse study has revealed that some inherited traits follow non-Mendelian patterns through epigenetic changes. The research identified hundreds of unexpected DNA methylation events across generations. It also documented the first known natural paramutation in a mammal.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University and Texas A&M University tracked DNA methylation in three generations of mice. They examined 12 known inheritance patterns and found that about 7 percent did not follow classic Mendelian rules. Among these were 54 cases where methylation appeared in offspring without being present in either parent.

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Scientific illustration depicting mitochondrial 'pearling' process evenly spacing mtDNA nucleoids via calcium influx.
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EPFL study links mitochondrial “pearling” to the even spacing of mtDNA nucleoids

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Scientists at EPFL report that a transient shape change in mitochondria—known as “pearling,” in which the organelle briefly forms bead-like constrictions—can redistribute clusters of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into more evenly spaced nucleoids. The work, published April 2, 2026 in Science, suggests the process is triggered by calcium influx into mitochondria and may help explain how cells maintain robust mtDNA organization, a feature implicated in a range of mitochondrial-related disorders.

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