Large genetic study uncovers new Alzheimer’s drug targets

A major analysis of genetic data has linked 127 gene locations to Alzheimer’s disease, including 48 previously unidentified ones. Researchers also flagged several genes as promising drug targets and highlighted changes in immune and nerve cells.

The study examined genome information from nearly 110,000 people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and 74,000 others who had a parent with the condition. It compared these against data from 2.6 million people without the disease. This effort identified 127 associated gene locations, 48 of which are new findings.

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Illustration of mutated blood cells entering the brain through the blood-brain barrier, linked to Alzheimer's pathology.
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Study finds blood-cancer-linked mutations in brain immune cells tied to Alzheimer’s pathology

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Researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital report that mutations commonly associated with clonal blood-cell expansion and some blood cancers were enriched in microglia-like immune cells in Alzheimer’s brains and were also detectable in matched blood samples. The Cell study proposes that age- or injury-related weakening of the blood-brain barrier could allow mutated blood immune cells to enter the brain, potentially amplifying inflammation and contributing to neurodegeneration.

Japanese researchers have identified a new seed of the amyloid beta protein. The discovery could lead to early-stage therapy for the neurodegenerative disease.

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Scientists at the University of Southern California have found experimental compounds that may reduce harmful brain inflammation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The work focuses on the enzyme cPLA2 and people who carry the high-risk APOE4 gene.

A major Cochrane review of 17 clinical trials involving over 20,000 participants has concluded that drugs targeting amyloid beta in the brain provide no meaningful benefits for patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s. These treatments also raise the risk of brain swelling and bleeding. Researchers urge a shift to alternative pathways for future treatments.

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En ny blodprøve kan afsløre risiko for Alzheimers op til 20 år før symptomerne opstår. Private klinikker tilbyder testen til raske personer, hvilket møder kritik fra læger.

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