General budget of $546.9 trillion starts year with low investment execution

The National General Budget for this year totals $546.9 trillion, with the majority allocated to transfers and operating expenses. However, investment execution has been slow in January, reaching only 1.2% of the available appropriation. Key sectors like transportation show minimal progress, while others have yet to record any obligations.

The National General Budget is set at $546.9 trillion for the year, with transfers accounting for 75% of the total at $269.1 trillion. Among these, the General Participation System leads with $88.3 trillion (32.8%), followed by pensions at $83.1 trillion (30.9%) and health insurance at $46.9 trillion (17.3%). Personnel expenses total $66.5 trillion (19%), with 43% allocated to defense, 28.9% to the Judicial Branch, Prosecutor's Office, and autonomous bodies, and 28.2% to the Executive Branch. The acquisition of goods and services reaches $17.7 trillion, balanced across sectors but led by defense at 38.7%.Regarding investment, the available appropriation in January is $88.4 trillion, but obligations only reach $1 trillion, equating to 1.2% execution. The transportation sector has $15.5 trillion assigned, with obligations of $218 billion (1.4%). Social inclusion and reconciliation has $10.7 trillion with no execution recorded, similar to mining and energy with $10.1 trillion. Equality and equity advances at 2.4%, and education at just 0.1%. The Finance Ministry stands out with 8% execution ($392 billion), followed by defense and police at 3%.The budget backlog rises to $48.9 trillion in January, made up of $48.1 trillion in reserves. Of this, $22.6 trillion has been obligated for goods and services delivery, and $9.6 trillion paid through the Annual Cash Program. This moderate start indicates a slow beginning in executing investment resources, prioritizing other spending categories.

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South Korean lawmakers celebrate the on-time passage of the 2026 national budget in the National Assembly.
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National assembly passes 2026 budget before deadline

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South Korea's National Assembly passed the 2026 budget of 727.9 trillion won on Tuesday, achieving the first on-time approval in five years. Ruling and opposition parties reached a last-minute agreement to keep the government's proposed total spending intact while reallocating funds. The budget emphasizes increased spending to support the economy and national defense.

The Ministry of Finance reported that at the end of January 2026, the sectors of Foreign Affairs, Environment, and Education recorded the highest budget executions in the National General Budget. These reached 10.5%, 8.6%, and 6% respectively, above the overall average of 3.9%. Total payments amounted to 17.1 trillion pesos, with 8.2 trillion allocated to debt service.

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The Ministry of Finance reported that Education, Health, and Science, Technology and Innovation sectors closed 2025 with the highest budget execution rates, reaching 97.3%, 96.1%, and 95.4% respectively. In contrast, Presidency, Transport, and Agriculture had the lowest, at 40.9%, 43.5%, and 59.5%. The overall average without debt was 86.5%.

Japan's total government debt rose to a record ¥1.34 quadrillion as of the end of December 2025, up ¥8.58 trillion from three months earlier, the Finance Ministry announced on Tuesday. General government bonds stood at ¥1.09 quadrillion, an increase of ¥6.27 trillion.

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President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. signed the P6.793-trillion national budget for 2026 on January 5, allocating a record P1.015 trillion to the Department of Education and P530.9 billion to the DPWH. He vetoed P92.5 billion in unprogrammed appropriations, leaving P150.9 billion, while vowing prudent spending to curb corruption. The budget bars political involvement in aid distribution, though critics question the remaining funds.

Finance Minister Germán Ávila announced the declaration of an economic emergency following the failure of the tax reform, aiming to fund $16 trillion for the 2026 National General Budget. The draft decree includes taxes on assets, alcohol, cigarettes, and a special levy on hydrocarbons and coal. Business guilds such as Andi, ACM, and ACP question its constitutionality and effectiveness.

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The 2026 finance bill was passed using Article 49.3 of the Constitution, despite the Prime Minister's initial promise against it. The public deficit is projected at 5% of GDP, down from 5.4% in 2025, exceeding 150 billion euros overall. This amounts to an average of 3614 euros per one of the 41.5 million fiscal households.

 

 

 

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