New research shows that a second pregnancy alters the brain differently than the first, with distinct effects on attention and sensory networks. The findings come from a study of 110 women tracked with repeated brain scans at Amsterdam UMC. Researchers say the work could improve understanding of maternal mental health.
A team led by Elseline Hoekzema followed women expecting their first or second child, along with a childless control group. Scans revealed that first pregnancies most affected the Default Mode Network, which handles self-reflection and social thinking. Second pregnancies produced smaller shifts in that network but stronger changes in areas tied to attention and sensory responses.
Milou Straathof, who analyzed the data, noted that these patterns may help mothers manage multiple children. The study also linked brain changes to maternal bonding, with a stronger connection after first pregnancies. Associations with peripartum depression appeared in both groups, though the timing differed.
Hoekzema, head of the Pregnancy Brain Lab, said the results demonstrate that each pregnancy leaves its own mark. She added that the knowledge may help recognize and treat mental health challenges in mothers.
