China-US critical minerals rivalry intensifies with African mine deals

On January 28, 2026, China's Zijin Mining announced a US$4 billion takeover of Allied Gold's three African mines. On February 3, Swiss mining giant Glencore entered talks to sell a 40 per cent stake in its Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) copper and cobalt operations to the US-backed Orion Critical Mineral Consortium. These developments underscore the escalating competition between China and the United States over critical minerals.

The year 2026 is likened to a chess match where critical minerals form the opening gambit, with both China and the United States going all out. On January 28, China's Zijin Mining announced a US$4 billion takeover of Allied Gold's three African mines, signaling further expansion of China's reserves in the region.

Just days later, on February 3, Swiss mining giant Glencore entered talks to sell a 40 per cent stake in its Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) copper and cobalt operations to the US-backed Orion Critical Mineral Consortium. This move is part of the US approach to deploy capital and diplomatic leverage to make up for China's years-long head start in building its reserves.

Keywords such as trade war, tech war, rare earths, Europe, Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa, and others highlight the tensions in global supply chains.

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Argentine and U.S. officials Pablo Quirno and Marco Rubio shake hands after signing critical minerals agreement in Washington D.C.
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Argentina signs strategic agreement with US on critical minerals

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Argentina and the United States signed an agreement in Washington D.C. to boost the supply and processing of critical minerals, vital for new technologies. Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno and his counterpart Marco Rubio took part in the signing at the Ministerial Meeting on Critical Minerals on February 4, 2026.

In February 2026, the United States at the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial sought to rally more than 50 countries and the European Union around a landmark framework to loosen China’s control over the global critical minerals trade. The effort aims to counter Beijing’s dominance in the sector.

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The US State Department hosted the first Critical Minerals Ministerial on Wednesday, attended by representatives from over 50 countries and organizations, aiming to break China's dominance in critical minerals vital for smartphones, weapons, and electric vehicle batteries. Vice President JD Vance called on allies to join the initiative to ensure fair market pricing and supply chain stability.

The African Mining Indaba 2026 began in Cape Town on 9 February, highlighting challenges in South Africa's mining industry amid US tariffs and logistics issues. The Minerals Council South Africa launched its 2025 Facts and Figures report, revealing profit gains but persistent hurdles in electricity, rail, and exploration. Industry leaders expressed cautious optimism for stabilisation in 2026.

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A ministerial-level meeting on critical minerals in Washington on January 12 saw G7 finance ministers agree to reduce dependence on China for rare earths. Amid China's intensifying use of export restrictions as economic coercion, this step is vital for securing resources underpinning technologies like electric vehicles and semiconductors.

U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick welcomed Korea Zinc Co.'s plan to jointly invest in a critical metals refinery in Tennessee as a 'big win for America.' The initiative involves a strategic partnership with the U.S. Departments of Defense and Commerce to build the facility. The investment is estimated at around 10 trillion won ($6.8 billion).

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The second Trump administration has launched the Pax Silica initiative to deepen technology cooperation with allies on new AI infrastructure and shore up minerals supply chains against China's dominance. Led by the US State Department, member countries are expected to pursue joint projects, including ventures and co-investments.

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