A new theoretical study suggests that the geometry of hidden extra dimensions could be the source of fundamental forces and particle masses, challenging traditional models like the Higgs field. Researchers propose that evolving seven-dimensional structures generate mass through intrinsic twists called torsion. This approach might also account for the universe's accelerating expansion and predict a new particle.
Physicists Richard Pinčák and colleagues have introduced a theory where the properties of matter and forces emerge directly from spacetime geometry, rather than acting upon it as a mere stage. Published in Nuclear Physics B, their work explores additional, unobservable dimensions folded into complex seven-dimensional G2-manifolds. Unlike previous static models, these shapes are allowed to evolve dynamically via the G2-Ricci flow, a process that alters their internal structure over time.
The researchers highlight torsion—an intrinsic twist akin to DNA helices or amino acid chirality—as a key feature. "As in organic systems, such as the twisting of DNA or the handedness of amino acids, these extra-dimensional structures can possess torsion, a kind of intrinsic twist," Pinčák explains. When modeled temporally, these geometries form stable solitons, potentially explaining spontaneous symmetry breaking without external fields.
In the Standard Model, particle masses like those of W and Z bosons stem from Higgs interactions. Here, mass arises from geometric resistance. "In our picture, matter emerges from the resistance of geometry itself, not from an external field," Pinčák states. This torsion also links to large-scale spacetime curvature, possibly driving the positive cosmological constant behind cosmic acceleration.
The theory speculates on a torsion-related particle dubbed the "Torstone," detectable in future experiments. Extending Einstein's geometric gravity, it posits all forces might originate from seven-dimensional geometry. "Nature often prefers simple solutions. Perhaps the masses of the W and Z bosons come not from the famous Higgs field, but directly from the geometry of seven-dimensional space," Pinčák suggests. Supported by the R3 project, this work invites further scrutiny of geometry's role in physics.