Thermodynamics
A mathematician at Queen Mary University of London has developed a framework called Gravity from Entropy that may reconcile the universe's increasing total entropy with the emergence of complex structures such as galaxies, stars and life.
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A physicist has proposed rebuilding the foundations of thermodynamics using gauge theory, a mathematical framework from quantum fields. The approach aims to address long-standing imprecision in the 200-year-old theory. It was presented at a conference in June.
Scientists at Dresden University of Technology have conducted experiments on human cells indicating that existing thermodynamic laws may not fully capture the disequilibrium in living systems. Their findings point toward the need for a new law tailored to biological processes. The study highlights differences between living and non-living systems through membrane fluctuation analysis.