Tectonics
Scientists have used swarms of minuscule earthquakes to map a hidden and intricate tectonic structure beneath northern California. This region, at the intersection of the San Andreas fault and the Cascadia subduction zone, involves five moving pieces rather than the expected three. The findings help explain past seismic events and improve hazard predictions.
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Analysis of 3.3 billion-year-old olivine crystals suggests Earth's Hadean Eon featured intense subduction and early continent formation. This challenges the long-held stagnant lid hypothesis for the planet's infancy. Researchers combined geochemistry and geodynamic models to uncover this dynamic past.
October 25, 2025 06:40