Human Evolution
Genetic mismatch may have hindered Neanderthal-human hybrids
A new study suggests that interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens created a genetic incompatibility that increased pregnancy failure risks in hybrid mothers, potentially contributing to Neanderthals' extinction. This mismatch involved differences in the PIEZO1 gene affecting oxygen transport in blood. The finding could explain the absence of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in modern humans.
Ancient lead exposure may have shaped human brain evolution
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A study of fossil teeth reveals that prehistoric hominids were exposed to lead for at least 2 million years, potentially influencing brain evolution. Modern humans appear to have adapted better to the toxin than relatives like Neanderthals, according to research using ancient samples and brain organoids. However, some experts question the extent of this exposure and its evolutionary implications.
Human skulls evolved faster than those of other apes
Researchers at University College London have discovered that human skulls evolved at an exceptionally rapid pace compared to other apes, developing larger brains and flatter faces twice as quickly as expected. This acceleration likely stems from cognitive and social evolutionary pressures. The findings, based on 3D skull models, highlight unique human adaptations among great apes.
Netherlands Repatriates Historic Fossils to Indonesia
In a significant act of cultural restitution, the Netherlands has returned a major collection of fossils, including the famed 'Java Man' skull, to Indonesia after decades of negotiations. The handover, facilitated by the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, marks a step towards addressing colonial-era acquisitions and fostering international scientific collaboration. Officials from both nations hailed the move as a model for repatriating artifacts taken during colonial periods.