Paleolithic

New research indicates that humans repopulated the British Isles around 15,200 years ago, nearly 500 years earlier than previous estimates. The return coincided with a sharp rise in summer temperatures that transformed the landscape.

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Researchers have identified traces of a rare blue pigment, azurite, on a stone artifact from the Final Paleolithic site of Mühlheim-Dietesheim in Germany, dating back about 13,000 years. This finding challenges long-held assumptions that early European artists used only red and black pigments. The discovery suggests ancient people had advanced knowledge of minerals and possibly used blue for decoration or textiles.