The National Crime Records Bureau's latest report reveals that Gujarat recorded 75 custodial deaths between 2019 and 2023, placing it among the top states for such incidents. Maharashtra and Gujarat together accounted for nearly half of the 62 custodial deaths in India in 2023. Most deaths were attributed to illness or suicide, with few linked to direct police action.
Gujarat has faced a persistent issue with custodial deaths, as highlighted by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data for 2019-2023. The state reported 75 such deaths, contributing to the national total of 386. In 2023 alone, Gujarat saw 13 deaths, down slightly from the previous year, with five by suicide, seven due to illness, and one from a prior injury.
Specific incidents underscore concerns over police conduct. In November 2021, Surendranagar police allegedly shot dead Hanifkhan Jat Malek and his 14-year-old son during a claimed self-defense firing. An FIR was filed in May 2025 against several officers, but a closure report citing self-defense was submitted seven months later. The case awaits court decision.
In September 2025, Gandhinagar police killed Vipul alias Neel Vishnu Parmar, accused in multiple crimes including a fatal stabbing, during a crime scene reconstruction. Police stated he snatched a weapon and fired first, prompting return fire. A magisterial inquiry continues.
Another case involved Karansinh Malaji Jadeja, who died in 2024 after ingesting poison following alleged police thrashing. An FIR was filed against two officers, supported by videos and his dying declaration. They were arrested after bail rejections.
Minors have also been victims: In August 2025, Botad police were booked for brutality against a 17-year-old, including extortion. In Rajkot, a minor boy was tortured in September 2025, leading to NHRC action and charges against a constable and worker.
NCRB notes most deaths occur outside remand, often from illness or suicide. In 2025, several police shootings of accused persons were reported as self-defense during reconstructions or transports, including six in December alone.
Deputy Superintendent Jugal D Purohit defended the 2021 closure, stating, “We found that the police had fired... in self-defence.” Inspector M R Sauvseta confirmed evidence in the suicide case, including the victim's statements.
