The COP30 climate conference in Belém, Brazil, ended with a compromise agreement dubbed the Global Mutirão, which climate advocates view as a missed opportunity for bolder action. The deal sets modest funding targets but omits key commitments on fossil fuels and adaptation finance. Negotiators highlighted the need for ongoing efforts beyond the summit.
Held in Belém, Brazil, COP30 wrapped up on November 22, 2025, after tense negotiations among delegates. The resulting Global Mutirão text outlines a collective effort to advance climate goals but falls short in several areas, according to critics.
On finance, the agreement aims to raise climate transition funding to $1.3 trillion annually by 2035, less than 1% of global GDP, and urges developed countries to contribute $300 billion yearly. It includes vague calls to triple adaptation finance from 2025 levels by 2030, a step back from earlier draft timelines and the Glasgow pledge to double funds from $20 billion to $40 billion. Rebecca Thissen of Climate Action Network International noted pre-conference that without substantial grants over loans—currently 71% of climate finance—developing nations face deepening debt amid a crisis they did not cause.
The text notably avoids any reference to fossil fuels, reversing the COP28 commitment to transition away from them. Over 80 countries had pushed for a roadmap on phasing out coal, oil, and gas, but these elements were sidelined. COP30 President André Corrêa do Lago announced Brazil would create separate roadmaps during its presidency: one to halt deforestation and another for a just transition from fossil fuels, to be presented at future COPs. Greenpeace's Tracy Carty stated, “Hopes were raised by initial proposals for roadmaps both to end deforestation and fossil fuels, but these roadmaps have disappeared and we’re again lost without a map to 1.5°C and fumbling our way in the dark while time is running out.”
The Just Transition Mechanism was established to foster cooperation, technical aid, and capacity-building, linking 1.5°C goals to equitable pathways. However, it lacks new funding or means of implementation from wealthy nations, as Thissen had hoped for stronger ties between social and climate justice.
Scientifically, the world is on track to surpass 1.5°C warming before 2035, requiring 55% emissions cuts from 2019 levels by then, yet current national plans project only 10%. Only one of 24 countries submitting 2035 targets aligns with this goal. Indigenous participation hit records, but just 14% accessed the Blue Zone; the Munduruku group protested outside, demanding protection for territories threatened by extractive activities. Leader Djalma Ramalho Goncalves emphasized recognizing Indigenous lands as key to lower deforestation rates.
New mechanisms include the Global Implementation Accelerator and Belém Mission to 1.5 for coordinating action. Brazil holds presidency for the next year, with COP31 set for Turkey in November 2026. Thissen urged year-round accountability: “Hold your government or the people you elected accountable... And don’t stop talking about climate after the COP.”