Ulama
The spiritual connection between Gus Dur and Guru Sekumpul lives on in the collective memory of Indonesian Muslims. These two ulama shared values of Islam rooted in morals and compassion, despite different paths in preaching. The annual Haul of Guru Sekumpul, attended by millions, underscores his profound spiritual influence.
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The history of Muhammadiyah in West Java reveals a close collaboration between ulama and entrepreneurs that shaped a resilient socio-religious movement. This synergy began in the early 20th century through figures like Haji Mas Djamhari and continued to the 1965 Congress in Bandung. The partnership created a self-sustaining mutual symbiosis.