After Anne Hidalgo's terms, Paris's debt surges

At the end of Anne Hidalgo's two terms as outgoing mayor of Paris, the city's debt will reach a record 9.7 billion euros by the end of 2026, up 133% from 2014. This rise fuels electoral debates, with the opposition decrying poor management while the municipality highlights a sustained investment policy.

Paris's debt has seen a dramatic rise during Anne Hidalgo's two terms, from 4.18 billion euros on December 31, 2014, to a projected 9.7 billion by December 31, 2026, according to city figures. This marks a 133% increase over twelve years.

Though this issue stirs electoral debates more than it concerns everyday Parisians, it lies at the heart of public policies: finances, particularly borrowing. The opposition, led by Rachida Dati, the Republicans' candidate in the municipal elections, accuses the outgoing mayor of flawed financial management, even suggesting the city is on the brink of bankruptcy. She cites a July 2025 report from the Île-de-France regional audit chamber (CRC) to claim 12 billion euros, including a 'hidden debt' from 'capitalized rents'.

The municipality, however, advocates a bold approach: despite economic crises and the state's growing withdrawal from local finances, it has sustained major investments without slowdowns. For the end of 2025, the city forecasts 9.3 billion euros. This debate over numbers and interpretations highlights political divides ahead of the elections.

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Realistic illustration of France's National Assembly with a symbolic negative credit rating arrow, highlighting Moody's outlook downgrade amid political instability.
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Moody's maintains France's rating but lowers outlook to negative

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On October 24, 2025, Moody's announced it was keeping France's sovereign rating at Aa3 but downgrading the outlook from stable to negative, citing heightened risks from political instability. This contrasts with recent downgrades by Fitch and S&P to A+. The move comes as the National Assembly reviews the 2026 budget and extends the contribution on high incomes.

Anne Hidalgo, Paris mayor since 2014, will leave office in March after two terms. She entered politics in 2001 as first deputy to Bertrand Delanoë and has shown tenacity amid oppositions. Her record, intertwined with her predecessor's, splits opinions between praise for environmental commitment and criticism of her approaches.

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On Friday, December 19, the Insee announced that France's public debt now stands at 3,482 billion euros, or 117.4% of GDP, a record level outside times of war or pandemic. This increase of 65.9 billion euros over three months highlights a worrying trajectory, with analysts warning of a potential market crisis if no correction occurs.

On January 13, 2026, the French National Assembly resumed examination of the 2026 finance bill, following the failure to reach agreement in the joint parliamentary committee in December. Economy Minister Roland Lescure assured deputies that the text is "within reach," urging a final effort for compromise. Yet few lawmakers believe it can pass without invoking article 49.3 or using ordinances.

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One and a half months before the March 2026 municipal elections, socialist candidate Emmanuel Grégoire, head of the left-wing union list excluding La France insoumise, presented his program to Le Monde on Thursday, February 5. He prioritizes housing and commits to not increasing Paris's debt. He assumes a break in method with outgoing mayor Anne Hidalgo, his first deputy from 2018 to 2024.

Starting January 1, 2026, France implements a range of measures impacting personal finances, housing, transport, and the environment, amid the lack of an adopted state budget. Key adjustments include a 0.9% increase in basic pensions, the suspension of the MaPrimeRénov’ scheme, and price rises for gas and postal packages.

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Former Economy Minister Hernán Lacunza praised improvements in public accounts for 2024 and 2025 but warned that by the end of 2025, the fiscal situation lacks room for additional maneuvers. His analysis shows an official surplus of 0.2% of GDP, though adjustments for interest and inflation reveal larger deficits. Lacunza stressed that the end of the financial normalization process will demand greater savings efforts.

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