Hormones
Scientists reveal estrogen’s role in dopamine-driven learning
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Researchers at New York University have identified how estrogen shapes learning by strengthening dopamine-based reward signals in the brain. In experiments with rats, learning performance improved when estrogen levels were high and declined when the hormone’s activity was suppressed. The findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, may help explain cognitive fluctuations across hormonal cycles and offer clues to psychiatric disorders linked to dopamine.
A 45-year-old man from Nairobi seeks advice on his excessively large breasts, asking if it's a disease and what to do. Health experts describe the condition as gynaecomastia, stemming from an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone hormones. Consulting a doctor for examination is recommended to identify causes and treatments.
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Research indicates that testosterone replacement therapy can improve libido in menopausal women and may alleviate symptoms like mood swings and brain fog. While widely endorsed for sexual health issues, experts call for more trials on broader benefits. Only a few countries have approved women-specific testosterone products amid ongoing safety debates.