Iran's nationwide protests, ignited by economic collapse on December 28, 2025, have entered a third week with Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) reporting at least 538 deaths—up sharply from 62 a few days ago—and over 10,600 arrests amid a continued near-total internet blackout. Activists warn of massacres, while Germany's cautious response draws ire from dissidents.
Since the demonstrations spread from bazaar traders in Tehran to 185 cities, challenging the theocratic regime, the crackdown has intensified. Leaked videos via Starlink show massive street protests despite death threats from Prosecutor General Mohammed Mowahedi Asad, who labeled participants 'enemies of God' facing execution, and signals from Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei for harsh measures. Reports describe bodies stored in cooling containers, evoking the 2019 protests where around 1,500 died under a similar blackout.
Casualty figures, contested due to the blackout, are likely underreported. Security forces have suffered 48 deaths alongside 490 protesters, per HRANA.
Internationally, U.S. President Donald Trump reiterated support, stating Iran 'seeks FREEDOM' and readiness to help, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio warning against gamesmanship. Iranian leaders like Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf threatened U.S. bases and Israel. Exiled Reza Pahlavi renewed calls for sustained action.
In Germany, Iran's top EU trade partner, activists including Daniela Sepehri decried hesitation amid fears of a 'brutal massacre.' Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul (CDU) demanded elections and internet access ahead of a Washington trip, but Chancellor Friedrich Merz offered only vague words. No ambassador expulsion or deportation halts occurred, despite EU condemnations and limited sanctions.
Hope persists for security apparatus fractures, unlike failed prior unrest.