Realistic image of a veterinarian testing milk from a Dutch cow for H5N1 bird flu antibodies on a Friesland farm.
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Fugleinfluensa opdaget hos ko i Nederlandene for første gang uden for USA

Billede genereret af AI
Dansk

Fugleinfluensaviruset H5N1 er opdaget for første gang uden for USA hos en ko i Nederlandene. Antistoffer mod patogenet er fundet i mælken fra dyret på en gård i provinsen Friesland. Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituttet i Greifswald bekræfter, at intet sådant tilfælde tidligere har været kendt globalt.

På en mælkeproduktionsgård i den hollandske provins Friesland døde en kat af H5N1-infektion den 26. december. Kvægene på gården blev derefter undersøgt den 15. januar. Antistoffer mod viruset blev fundet i mælkeprøver fra en ko, selvom dyret ikke viste symptomer på det tidspunkt. I december havde køen dog lidt af ydreinflammation og åndedrætsproblemer, typiske tegn på fugleinfluensainfektion hos malkekvæg.  nnYderligere prøver fra andre køer, taget den 22. januar, var negative. Der er ingen indikation på aktiv virusspredning blandt dyrene, og viruset selv blev ikke længere påvist. Mælken fra den ramte ko blev ikke forarbejdet på grund af dens helbredsproblemer. Kommercielle mælkeprodukter er sikre, da pasteurisering fjerner viruset.  nnDet er uklart, hvordan katten og køen blev smittet. Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituttet (FLI) mistænker kontakt med smittede fugle eller forurenede materialer som fækalier, foder, vand eller malkeutstyr. FLI-vicepræsident Martin Beer beskrev en massiv, men næsten umærkbar infektionsbølge blandt vilde fugle i Europa, der rammer op til 25 procent af vilde ænder i Nederlandene.  nnRisikoen for kvæg i Tyskland forbliver meget lav ifølge FLI, så længe det er et isoleret tilfælde. Globalt er H5N1-infektioner hos køer kun kendt fra USA hidtil, hvor udbruddet siden marts 2024 har ramt dusinvis af gårde, kæledyr og mennesker. Verdensorganisationen for dyresundhed (WOAH) rapporterer 1022 tilfælde hos pattedyr i 2024 mod 459 året før. Dette øger sandsynligheden for virusets tilpasning til pattedyr.

Hvad folk siger

X-brugere rapporterer første opdagelse af H5N1-fugleinfluensa-antistoffer hos ko i Nederlandene uden for USA, ofte med henvisning til Science.org-artikel. Reaktioner spænder fra neutral deling af eksperter og journalister, bekymring over potentiel virus-tilpasning til pattedyr, ros for veterinær overvågning til skeptisk alarmisme, der fraråder mælkeprodukter. Myndigheder noterer ingen aktivt virus eller yderligere spredning.

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