Scientists identify ancient planet factory beyond Jupiter

Researchers have traced the origins of diverse early space rocks to a dust trap just outside Jupiter's orbit. The findings come from computer simulations matching meteorite compositions found on Earth. They suggest this region produced multiple generations of planetesimals over millions of years.

A study from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research shows that a ring of higher gas pressure beyond Jupiter trapped dust and pebbles. This allowed planetesimals to form with varying compositions between two and four million years after the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago.

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A meteorite found in the Sahara Desert has provided the first direct evidence of a massive protoplanet that orbited the young Sun more than 4.5 billion years ago. The object, comparable in size to the Moon, was destroyed in a collision, leaving fragments that reached Earth. Researchers say the discovery reveals a previously unknown path in early planet formation.

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Astronomers have found a planetary system around a red dwarf star where a rocky world orbits beyond two gas giants, challenging standard models of how planets form. The discovery around LHS 1903 suggests planets may arise sequentially rather than all at once.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has imaged the largest known protoplanetary disk, revealing a turbulent and asymmetric structure around a young star. The disk, nicknamed Dracula's Chivito, stretches nearly 400 billion miles across and lies about 1,000 light-years from Earth.

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A team of astronomers in Japan has discovered evidence of a faint atmosphere surrounding the small trans-Neptunian object 2002 XV93. Previously, only Pluto was known to retain an atmosphere among bodies beyond Neptune due to its stronger gravity. The finding, made via a rare stellar occultation on January 10, 2024 and published in Nature Astronomy, indicates a short-lived atmosphere requiring continuous replenishment.

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