Mga drone sa pagtatanim ng bigas: malalaking benepisyo, malalaking panganib

Ang Drones4Rice inisyatibo ng Philippine Rice Research Institute ay nag-uugnay ng digital na agrikultura sa produksyon ng bigas gamit ang mga drone para sa pagtatanim, pag-spray at paglalagay ng pataba. Gayunpaman, isang pagtatantya ni Dr. Teodoro C. Mendoza ay nagbabala ng potensyal na pagkawala ng 460,000 hanggang 540,000 na trabaho sa kanayunan at mga 'naglalagayang gastos' mula sa pagkasira ng lupa.

Ang Drones4Rice programa, na pinamunuan ng PhilRice sa pakikipagtulungan ng International Rice Research Institute at AgriDOM, ay gumagamit ng DJI Agras T40 drones para sa wet direct seeding ng inbred at hybrid rice, pag-spray ng herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, at paglalagay ng fertilizers. Layunin nitong mapabuti ang bilis at katumpakan sa mga operasyon sa bukirin, na maaaring mabawasan ang gastos sa paggawa.

Sa kanyang ex ante impact assessment na may titulong “Drones4Rice and the Future of Philippine Rice Farming: A Comprehensive Ex Ante Impact Assessment,” si Dr. Teodoro C. Mendoza, isang retiradong propesor ng University of the Philippines Los Baños, ay nagprojektang kung mai-scale sa 50% ng lugar ng bigas sa bansa—or higit 2.4 milyong ektarya—maaaring mawalan ng 460,000 hanggang 540,000 na trabaho sa kanayunan, na may taunang pagkawala ng kita sa sahod na P27.5 bilyon. Batay sa paghahambing, ang tradisyunal na transplanting ay nangangailangan ng 25 hanggang 30 person-days bawat ektarya, habang ang drone seeding ay 2 hanggang 3 lamang.

Dagdag pa rito, nagbabala ang papel tungkol sa ekolohikal na panganib mula sa mas malaking pagdepende sa herbicides tulad ng butachlor at pretilachlor, na maaaring magdulot ng pagkasira ng mikrobiyal na komunidad sa lupa, pagbaba ng biodiversity, at pangmatagalang pagbaba ng katabaan ng lupa. Sa ilalim ng 50% adoption scenario, ang mga 'naglalagayang gastos' para sa pagpapanumbalik ng lupa, dagdag na pataba, at tubig ay maaaring umabot sa P22.84 bilyon hanggang P38.1 bilyon taun-taon.

Ang gastos sa DJI Agras T40 drone ay humigit-kumulang P1.7 milyon, na maaaring magdulot ng hindi pagkakapantay-pantay sa access para sa maliliit na magsasaka. Inirekomenda ni Mendoza ang mga hakbang tulad ng retraining para sa mga nawalan ng trabaho, kooperatiba na pagmamay-ari, subsydiyo, at pagsasama ng Integrated Pest Management upang mabawasan ang mga panganib at mapahusay ang sustainability.

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