Elizabeth Warren questions crypto trust bank charters

Senator Elizabeth Warren has raised concerns over the approval of national trust bank charters for cryptocurrency companies. In a letter to the Comptroller of the Currency, she argued that nine such approvals violated the National Bank Act.

Elizabeth Warren is questioning the legality of decisions made by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency under Jonathan Gould. She specifically challenged approvals or conditional approvals for trust charters granted to several crypto firms, including Coinbase and Ripple.

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Illustration depicting Morgan Stanley's application for a crypto custody bank charter, blending Wall Street banking with digital assets.
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Morgan Stanley applies for national bank charter for crypto custody

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Morgan Stanley has filed for a national trust bank charter with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to provide cryptocurrency custody services to institutional clients. The application, submitted on February 18, aims to position the Wall Street giant as a direct competitor to crypto-native custodians. This move reflects a broader trend of traditional banks expanding into digital assets amid a more favorable regulatory environment.

Following the OCC's December 2025 conditional approvals for national trust bank charters to crypto firms like Ripple and Circle—which drew sharp criticism—some of the largest US banks are now weighing legal action against the regulator for further easing rules on crypto and fintech charters. The Bank Policy Institute argues the changes could endanger consumers and the financial system amid the Trump administration's push to integrate cryptocurrencies into mainstream finance.

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The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) has finalized a rule broadening national trust bank activities beyond fiduciary roles, enabling fintech and cryptocurrency firms to offer custody services without full banking licenses. This follows December 2025 charter approvals and recent closure of the comment period, despite strong opposition from state regulators.

The Senate Banking Committee voted 15-9 to advance the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act on May 17. The move signals progress toward a regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies in the United States, though the bill still requires a full Senate vote.

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Crypto infrastructure provider Zerohash filed an application on March 4, 2026, for a national trust bank charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), mirroring Morgan Stanley's February filing for its Morgan Stanley Digital Trust subsidiary. The move bolsters partnerships for institutional crypto services amid a surge in similar applications from crypto firms.

President Donald Trump signed an executive order on May 19 directing the Federal Reserve to examine policies on granting payment account access to crypto and fintech firms. The move escalates debate over direct connections to the central bank's core dollar payment systems. Companies such as Kraken, Ripple, Coinbase, and Circle stand to benefit from potential changes.

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