Ethiopia's plastic bag ban disrupts factories and markets

In Addis Abeba, the ban on plastic bags has quickly led to disruptions. Bakeries and markets struggle to find affordable and safe alternatives amid rising costs. The nationwide measure took effect just over a week ago.

In Addis Abeba, the sudden disappearance of plastic bags followed the enforcement of a citywide ban. Bakeries have encountered difficulties in packaging bread, with customers arriving using plates, lace bags, or arriving empty-handed. The search for affordable and safe alternatives has proven challenging, as costs for options like cloth and sacking-based bags have reached up to 350 birr.

Non-woven bags are now also prohibited, prompting some bakeries to produce their own bags without established regulatory standards, according to Yitbarek Getachew, a staff writer for Addis Fortune. At Patina Bakery & Cake on Gabon Street, owner Muluken Hailu expressed uncertainty stemming from reliance on plastic bags. The ban, which applies nationwide in Ethiopia, came into effect just over a week before February 14, 2026. Kidist Yidnekachew's column highlights struggles in daily tasks like carrying bread and bananas under the new policy. While aimed at environmental protection through reduced plastic use, the measure has immediately caused operational hurdles for businesses and consumers alike.

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Bustling Addis Abeba street with mobile produce stalls from repurposed trucks and bikes, accented by green-themed murals, illustrating urban renewal.
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Mobile stalls and murals transform Addis Abeba streets

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In Addis Abeba, white pickup trucks and bicycles are being repurposed into clean mobile markets selling fresh produce, while vibrant murals promote green urban renewal. These innovations offer practical solutions for vendors and add artistic hope to gritty cityscapes. Over 1,700 such Sunday markets now sustain the capital's weekly food supply.

As of early 2026, twelve states have implemented statewide bans on single-use plastic bags, with additional restrictions on foam containers and hotel toiletries gaining traction. Extended producer responsibility laws now cover packaging waste in seven states, shifting costs from taxpayers to producers. However, preemption laws in several states limit local actions, and the U.S. lags behind the EU and parts of Asia in comprehensive plastic regulation.

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Rising prices of cooking oil are forcing families and small businesses in Addis Ababa to make tough choices. Households are cutting back on consumption, altering dietary habits, or even pausing operations that can no longer afford costs. Retailers and wholesalers face an unpredictable market with no immediate signs of supply stabilization.

Black-colored plastic, widely used in packaging, poses significant hurdles for recycling due to sorting difficulties and potential toxicity. While innovations offer hope, most consumers still face limited options for proper disposal. Experts urge avoidance of such materials to reduce waste.

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Ethiopia's tax authorities introduced QR code receipts to modernize administration and curb evasion, aiming for greater transparency and digital issuance of documents. However, the rollout has created severe bottlenecks, paralyzing business operations and eroding trust in the system. Traders are rushing to printing enterprises in Addis Ababa to comply.

Ethiopia's Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration has advised the public to shop using market centers and digital platforms to avoid unnecessary expenses. This approach aims to reduce pressure on citizens during the holiday season.

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In Addis Ababa's livestock markets, high prices driven by illegal checkpoints and inflation are overshadowing the festive preparations for Ethiopian Christmas on January 7. Families like those of Gizachew and Eshetu face tripled costs for oxen, forcing cutbacks on traditional celebrations. Government efforts to stabilize supplies have yet to ease the strain on households.

 

 

 

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