Kikai caldera supervolcano shows signs of magma recharge

Researchers have found that the magma reservoir beneath Japan's Kikai caldera, site of the Holocene's largest eruption 7,300 years ago, is refilling with newly injected magma. Using underwater seismic imaging, a team led by Kobe University's Nobukazu Seama mapped the reservoir and linked it to the ancient event. The discovery offers insights into how such systems rebuild after massive eruptions.

Far beneath the ocean near Japan, scientists have mapped a large magma-rich zone under the Kikai caldera. The reservoir matches the one responsible for the most powerful eruption of the Holocene, which occurred 7,300 years ago. Kobe University geophysicist Nobukazu Seama stated, 'Due to its extent and location it is clear that this is in fact the same magma reservoir as in the previous eruption.'

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Researchers from the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and GFZ Helmholtz Centre have created a Jerk detection method that identifies subtle ground movements from magma intrusions using a single broadband seismometer. Tested over a decade at Piton de la Fournaise on La Réunion, the system forecasted 92% of 24 eruptions between 2014 and 2023, providing warnings from minutes to eight hours ahead. About 14% of alerts detected magma movements without resulting eruptions.

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