Since the end of December 2025, a nationwide protest wave has escalated in Iran against the regime, triggered by the economic crisis. Demonstrations now target poverty, corruption, and suppression, involving broad sections of society. The regime responds with repression, while international actors like the US support the protesters.
The protests in Iran began at the end of December 2025 as a reaction to rising food prices, water shortages, and the severe devaluation of the rial. They have developed into a broad uprising against the Islamic Republic, with demonstrations, strikes, and clashes in numerous cities. International observers describe this as the most severe domestic political crisis since the 1979 revolution. Involved are bazaar merchants, workers, and the middle class—a broad alliance that for the first time includes groups close to the regime.
Since early January 2026, the regime has resorted to harsh measures: internet blackouts, phone blocks, shootings at demonstrators, and mass trials. At the same time, it mobilizes supporters for counter-demonstrations, such as in Tehran. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, 86 years old, controls the military, judiciary, and media, but his authority is waning. The Revolutionary Guards remain loyal, yet experts see a change only if there are splits in the security forces. Islam scholar Katajun Amirpur stated: "The 'days of the Islamic Republic' may be numbered."
US President Donald Trump has pledged support to the protesters and threatens measures, including satellite internet. The UN calls for an immediate halt to violence, and Israel expresses favor toward the movement. The regime accuses the US and Israel of interference. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz (CDU) considers an end to the regime possible. Solidarity demonstrations took place in German cities.
The unrest exacerbates the economic crisis, affects oil prices, and leads to investor withdrawals. The security situation is tense; governments advise against travel. Observers expect further escalation, depending on internal dynamics and international reactions.
