A new study from the University of Gothenburg shows that tirzepatide, the active ingredient in the diabetes and weight loss drug Mounjaro, reduces alcohol intake and relapse-like behaviors in rats and mice. This builds on prior research on semaglutide in Ozempic and Wegovy, which curbs alcohol consumption in humans. Researchers hope for similar effects in patients with alcohol dependence.
Another study suggests that weight loss medications could become crucial for people with alcohol dependence. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have shown that tirzepatide reduces both alcohol intake and relapse-like behaviors in rats and mice. The substance dampens alcohol's impact on dopamine, a signaling substance in the brain's reward system that makes alcohol feel rewarding.
Elisabet Jerlhag, professor of pharmacology and study leader, says: "This has a slightly different approach since it affects two signaling systems, and then one thinks that the effect could be a bit stronger and that one gets a bit fewer side effects."
Previous studies have confirmed that semaglutide, found in Ozempic and Wegovy, curbs alcohol consumption in humans. No studies on tirzepatide in humans have been conducted yet, but animal models are considered comparable in addiction contexts. The pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly is recruiting for two large clinical trials on patients with alcohol dependence.
Jerlhag emphasizes that alcohol dependence is a heterogeneous disease: "Alcohol dependence is a very heterogeneous disease, people drink for many different reasons. Everyone might respond a bit differently to these preparations. Therefore, it is extremely important that there are many different medications and with our research we contribute to developing the knowledge."
She adds that other treatments like 12-step programs and CBT will still be needed, but pharmacological options will help many, including those seeking help primarily for obesity. Alcohol dependence is a chronic brain disease that alters the reward system, with a high risk of relapse and effects on physical and mental health. Current medications often have moderate effects.
