Indigenous Rights

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COP30 closing in Belém: delegates and indigenous leaders on stage amid mixed reactions to limited climate progress.
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Cop30 ends in Belém with limited climate advances

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Cop30 wrapped up in Belém on Saturday (22) with decisions on climate adaptation, finance, and indigenous rights, but without agreements to phase out fossil fuels or halt deforestation. The conference, the first in Brazil, drew participants from over 190 countries and revitalized the city's historical heritage. Despite frustrations, those affected by the climate crisis emphasize the need to persist with the forum.

A new white paper from Climate Cardinals highlights how English-dominant climate science and disaster alerts exclude much of the world, particularly Indigenous peoples. In 2023, wildfires in Canada's Yellowknife forced over 19,000 evacuations, with alerts issued only in English and French, not in nine official Indigenous languages. The report calls for a global fund to support translations of climate data and warnings.

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The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed revisions to the Clean Water Act that would restrict tribes' and states' ability to review federal projects for water quality impacts. Experts warn this could undermine treaty rights and sovereignty for Native American nations. The changes revert to narrower oversight established before 2023.

In 2025, President Donald Trump has aggressively promoted deep-sea mining for critical minerals in the Pacific Ocean, boosting companies like The Metals Company despite environmental and Indigenous concerns. This move disregards international regulations and local advocacy, targeting vast areas rich in cobalt and nickel. Scientists warn of lasting ecological damage, while Indigenous groups fight to protect cultural ties to the ocean.

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A recent study highlights a worldwide rise in efforts to suppress climate and environmental activism through laws, violence, and vilification. Indigenous land defenders face the highest risks, with over 2,100 such activists killed globally between 2012 and 2023. The report warns that repression will likely intensify under authoritarian policies, including those in the United States.

Indigenous protesters blocked the entrance to COP30 in Belém, Brazil, criticizing Brazil's new rainforest protection initiatives as insufficient. The demonstrations highlight ongoing exclusion of Indigenous voices from global climate talks. Activists demand greater recognition of their land rights and roles as biodiversity guardians.

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The Trump administration is pushing forward with deep-sea mining plans in the western Pacific, nearly doubling the proposed area around American Samoa and targeting waters near the Marianas Trench for the first time. This move has drawn strong opposition from Indigenous leaders concerned about impacts on fisheries and culture. Despite calls for consent, the federal government is proceeding with an environmental review.

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Indigenous advocates celebrate COP30 gains while noting unfinished work

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