中国患者通过脑机接口用意念控制设备

两名中国高位瘫痪患者成功使用脑机接口(BMI)技术,仅用意念控制动力轮椅、机器人狗取快递以及机械臂取杯饮水。这一突破于周三在上海中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心媒体通报会上公布,标志着BMI技术向实际临床应用迈进重大一步。

突破背景

两名30多岁的中国患者于6月和10月分别接受了由中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心及其企业合作伙伴联合开发的BMI系统植入。他们均患有高位瘫痪,其中一名患者于2022年因坠落导致脊髓损伤,颈部以下完全瘫痪。植入后,经过两周训练,该患者即可用意念控制电脑光标和平板设备。随后,研究团队扩展应用至物理世界,包括用意念驾驶动力轮椅在社区活动,以及指挥机器人狗取回外卖。

技术创新

这一成就标志着全球首次用意念控制动力轮椅和机器人狗。研究团队实现了多项技术突破,如高保真神经数据压缩、混合解码模型以提取噪声环境中的有用信号,以及神经流形对齐确保跨日稳定性。端到端延迟缩短至100毫秒以内,比人体自然神经延迟更快,提供无缝控制体验。植入手术通过5毫米颅骨穿刺完成,是全球最小尺寸,约为Neuralink设备的二分之一。

患者影响与应用

一名患者现作为实习产品分拣员,利用脑控参与在线数据标注,验证自动售货机AI系统的准确性。他描述控制体验如操纵游戏角色般直观。另一患者使用机械臂(经济型模型)实现自理,如取杯饮水。相比3月首例仅控制电脑光标的虚拟应用,此次实现三维物理互动,提升自理、就业和社会参与。

赵正拓研究员表示:“我们的研究正推动BMI技术向实际临床应用发展。我们以开放心态,与各类智能设备和应用平台合作,共同推动我国前沿BMI创新。”浦慕明院士补充,未来目标包括用意念弹钢琴等精细控制,所有患者健康状况良好。

团队展望:三年内恢复运动和语言功能;五年内实现感官恢复及帕金森病、抑郁症等神经精神疾病调控;十年内开发高度微创系统,支持医疗和消费应用。赵正拓希望手术如耳洞般简单,成本如电子产品般亲民。

相比Elon Musk的Neuralink,中国受益于更整合的产业生态,实现从神经植入到机器人控制的全链条协同。

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