Atmosphere
NASA successfully launched three sounding rockets from Alaska to study the electrical currents powering the northern lights. The missions, including investigations into mysterious black auroras, gathered high-quality data on how energy flows through Earth's upper atmosphere. All rockets achieved their planned altitudes and transmitted valuable measurements back to scientists.
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A powerful geomagnetic superstorm struck Earth on May 10-11, 2024, compressing the planet's protective plasmasphere to unprecedented levels. Observations from Japan's Arase satellite revealed the outer edge shrinking from 44,000 km to just 9,600 km above the surface. The event, the strongest in over two decades, also triggered rare auroras in equatorial regions and highlighted recovery challenges due to ionospheric disruptions.