Geomagnetic Storms
A powerful geomagnetic superstorm struck Earth on May 10-11, 2024, compressing the planet's protective plasmasphere to unprecedented levels. Observations from Japan's Arase satellite revealed the outer edge shrinking from 44,000 km to just 9,600 km above the surface. The event, the strongest in over two decades, also triggered rare auroras in equatorial regions and highlighted recovery challenges due to ionospheric disruptions.
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Researchers have discovered that Earth's magnetosphere carries a reversed electric charge on its morning side, contrary to long-held assumptions. Satellite data and simulations reveal negative charges there instead of positive, with the pattern flipping near the equator. This finding, led by teams from Japanese universities, explains plasma motion's role in shaping space weather.