Ancient Humans
Genetic mismatch may have hindered Neanderthal-human hybrids
A new study suggests that interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens created a genetic incompatibility that increased pregnancy failure risks in hybrid mothers, potentially contributing to Neanderthals' extinction. This mismatch involved differences in the PIEZO1 gene affecting oxygen transport in blood. The finding could explain the absence of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in modern humans.
Ancient lead exposure may have shaped human brain evolution
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A study of fossil teeth reveals that prehistoric hominids were exposed to lead for at least 2 million years, potentially influencing brain evolution. Modern humans appear to have adapted better to the toxin than relatives like Neanderthals, according to research using ancient samples and brain organoids. However, some experts question the extent of this exposure and its evolutionary implications.