Japan expects interest payments to double by 2029 amid BOJ rate hikes

The Japanese government expects its interest payments on outstanding debt to roughly double over the next four years due to the Bank of Japan's gradual rate hikes. Payments are projected at ¥21.6 trillion ($139 billion) in the year starting April 2029, up from the current year's budgeted ¥10.5 trillion.

The government anticipates that interest payments on its outstanding debt will roughly double over the next four years as the Bank of Japan's gradual rate hikes increase borrowing costs. According to a Finance Ministry document released on Thursday, these projections assume annual nominal economic growth of 3%.

Interest payments are expected to reach ¥21.6 trillion ($139 billion) in the fiscal year starting April 2029, compared to the current year's budgeted ¥10.5 trillion. Overall debt-servicing costs are projected to rise about 46% to ¥41.3 trillion during the same period. This would represent around 30% of total projected spending of ¥139.7 trillion in fiscal 2029, exceeding anticipated outlays for social security.

The document highlights the roles of Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda and Economic Security Minister Sanae Takaichi in discussions on debt and the Japanese economy. These estimates underscore the fiscal pressures from the BOJ's policy shifts, based on the assumed growth rate.

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Japanese lawmakers in the Diet approving 8.56 trillion yen stopgap budget amid upper house delays, realistic news illustration.
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Japan approves 8.56 trillion yen stopgap budget for fiscal 2026 amid upper house delays

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The Japanese government approved an 8.56 trillion yen stopgap budget on March 27 to fund operations for the first 11 days of fiscal 2026 starting April 1, due to stalled upper house deliberations on the main 122.31 trillion yen budget passed by the lower house earlier this month. This is the first such provisional measure in 11 years, backed by ruling and main opposition parties, and expected to pass parliament on March 30.

Japan's total government debt rose to a record ¥1.34 quadrillion as of the end of December 2025, up ¥8.58 trillion from three months earlier, the Finance Ministry announced on Tuesday. General government bonds stood at ¥1.09 quadrillion, an increase of ¥6.27 trillion.

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Japan's Q4 2025 GDP was revised upward to 1.3% annualized from the preliminary 0.2% reported on February 16, driven by strong business spending. January household spending on goods and private services held steady despite a year-on-year drop, with contained retail gasoline prices easing inflation. Analysts now expect the Bank of Japan to hold rates in April and hike in June.

Tokyo's core consumer price index rose 1.8% in February, falling below the Bank of Japan's 2% target for the first time since October 2024. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's utility subsidies curbed household energy costs, posing a communication challenge for the central bank's planned interest rate hikes. The figure exceeded economists' median forecast of 1.7%.

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