China's Long March 12A rocket fails first-stage recovery on debut

China's first state-owned reusable rocket, the Long March 12A, made its debut launch on Tuesday morning, but the first-stage recovery failed. This marks China's second failed attempt this month to return an orbital-class booster to Earth, a feat achieved only by the United States so far.

China's space program has hit a snag in reusable rocket technology. On Tuesday, the Long March 12A rocket successfully launched, but the first-stage recovery process failed. This is the second such failure this month, following an earlier attempt to recover an orbital-class booster that also fell short.

The Long March 12A is China's first state-owned reusable rocket, designed to cut launch costs and boost efficiency. However, the recovery challenges highlight the gap between China and the United States in this field. Reports indicate that this setback puts China about 10 years behind the US, which has repeatedly succeeded in booster recoveries, such as with SpaceX's Falcon 9.

The incident occurs amid intensifying US-China competition in space. The United States remains the only country to have achieved orbital-class booster returns, and China is striving to catch up to enhance its space capabilities. While the launch itself succeeded, the recovery failure could delay the commercialization of China's reusable rockets.

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Illustration depicting the dramatic liftoff of Space One's Kairos No. 3 rocket from Space Port Kii before its mission abort.
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Japanese startup aborts Kairos No. 3 rocket flight after liftoff

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Japan's private space company Space One launched its Kairos No. 3 rocket on March 5 from Space Port Kii in Wakayama Prefecture but aborted the flight minutes later. This marks the third setback for the firm aiming to be the first private Japanese entity to place satellites into orbit.

China's reusable rocket ambitions suffered another setback with the failure to recover an orbital-class booster. This marks the second failed attempt this month. The rocket, designed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China.

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China has successfully completed a crucial safety test for its Mengzhou spacecraft, a major step in preparations for a crewed moon mission by 2030. The test featured the first flight of the Long March-10 rocket from Hainan. The uncrewed vessel separated shortly after launch and splashed down in the ocean at its designated spot.

Hukeda-2, a commercial satellite with a flexible robotic arm like an octopus tentacle, was launched on Monday for low-orbit refuelling tests, state media said. Jointly developed by Hunan University of Science and Technology and Suzhou Sanyuan Aerospace Technology, it will simulate the full process from approach to mock transfer.

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Following a launch scrub on December 17, Japan's JAXA launched its eighth H3 rocket on December 22, 2025, from Tanegashima Space Center, but suspended the live broadcast after the second-stage engine shut down prematurely. The rocket carries the Cabinet Office's Michibiki No. 5 satellite for Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS).

South Korean startup Innospace's Hanbit-Nano rocket, on its first commercial orbital mission, lifted off from Brazil's Alcantara Space Center but crashed about 30 seconds later due to an immediate abnormality. It was carrying five satellites for 300-km low Earth orbit. The failure occurred in a safety zone with no casualties.

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South Korea's homegrown Nuri space rocket was transported and positioned upright on the launchpad at the Naro Space Center on Tuesday, despite a weather delay. The procedure paves the way for its fourth launch scheduled for early Thursday. Space authorities are carrying out final preparations, including fuel injection.

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