New research indicates that regular use of ibuprofen, a common painkiller, may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer by up to 25% in certain women. This finding comes from a large-scale study analyzing over 42,000 participants, highlighting the drug's anti-inflammatory properties. However, experts caution against using it for prevention due to potential side effects.
Ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer, the most common type of womb cancer affecting postmenopausal women. A 2025 analysis from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) study examined data from more than 42,000 women aged 55 to 74 over 12 years. Women who took at least 30 ibuprofen tablets per month showed a 25% lower risk of developing the cancer compared to those taking fewer than four tablets monthly. The protective effect was particularly strong among women with heart disease.
Endometrial cancer often links to risk factors like obesity, which raises estrogen levels that can promote cell growth in the uterus lining. Other factors include older age, diabetes, hormone replacement therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome, early menstruation, late menopause, or nulliparity. Symptoms may involve abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or discomfort during intercourse.
The drug's mechanism involves blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, especially COX-2, which reduces inflammation-driving prostaglandins. This action may slow tumor development and affect cancer-related genes such as HIF-1α, NFκB, and STAT3, making cells more vulnerable to low oxygen or treatments. Broader evidence suggests ibuprofen could lower risks for bowel, breast, lung, and prostate cancers, and reduce bowel cancer recurrence.
Unlike ibuprofen, aspirin did not show similar benefits for endometrial cancer, though it may help prevent bowel cancer return. Other NSAIDs, like naproxen, have been studied for colon, bladder, and breast cancers, with effects varying by type, genetics, and health.
Conflicting results exist: one study of 7,751 patients found aspirin use after diagnosis increased mortality, especially in prior users. A review noted NSAIDs might reduce some cancer risks but raise kidney cancer chances with regular use.
Experts emphasize that long-term ibuprofen use risks stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney damage, heart attacks, or strokes. It interacts with drugs like warfarin. Prevention should prioritize lifestyle changes—healthy weight, activity, anti-inflammatory diet—over self-medication. Future research may clarify its role in high-risk groups.
