COP30 closing in Belém: delegates and indigenous leaders on stage amid mixed reactions to limited climate progress.
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Cop30 ends in Belém with limited climate advances

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Cop30 wrapped up in Belém on Saturday (22) with decisions on climate adaptation, finance, and indigenous rights, but without agreements to phase out fossil fuels or halt deforestation. The conference, the first in Brazil, drew participants from over 190 countries and revitalized the city's historical heritage. Despite frustrations, those affected by the climate crisis emphasize the need to persist with the forum.

In 2025, the United States under President Trump withdrew from the Paris Agreement and skipped COP30, marking a significant retreat from global climate efforts. Meanwhile, China led a surge in renewable energy deployment, driving down costs and accelerating transitions worldwide. Other nations, including those in Africa and Europe, stepped up to fill the leadership void left by the US.

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At COP30 in Belém, Brazil, Indigenous activists pushed for greater inclusion in climate talks, achieving recognition of their rights but falling short on fossil fuel transition commitments. Over 5,000 Indigenous participants attended, the largest number in the conference's history. Advocates like Emil Gualinga and Kaeden Watts highlighted both progress and persistent challenges.

Colombian President Gustavo Petro voiced his position amid disagreements with Brazil in the final stages of COP30 in Brazil. While both nations acknowledge the urgency of addressing fossil fuels' future, their strategies diverge markedly. A fire disrupted sessions, complicating talks on decarbonization.

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Colombian President Gustavo Petro criticized the final COP30 declaration in Brazil for failing to explicitly name fossil fuels as the cause of the climate crisis. Nearly 200 nations agreed on efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, but the text avoided direct references to energy transitions. Petro called the deal hypocritical on his X account.

The 12th day of COP30 in Belém ended without consensus, as the new draft of the final decision removed mentions of a roadmap to end fossil fuels and the plan to zero deforestation. About 30 nations threaten to block the agreement, extending talks over the weekend. Tensions rose after a pavilion fire and CAN's satirical awards.

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At COP30 in Belém, Brazil, a pledge led by Brazil, Italy, Japan, and India calls for quadrupling sustainable fuels by 2035 to decarbonize transport. While proponents see it as a path to cleaner energy, critics warn of deforestation, higher food prices, and increased emissions from biofuel production. At least 23 countries have joined the initiative amid ongoing negotiations.

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