Environmental Science
Modern life clashes with human biology shaped by nature, anthropologists say
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Evolutionary anthropologists argue that human physiology, honed over hundreds of thousands of years for active, nature-rich hunter-gatherer lives, is poorly suited to the chronic pressures of industrialized environments. This mismatch, they say, is contributing to declining fertility and rising rates of inflammatory disease, and should prompt a rethink of how cities and societies are designed.
Researchers at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University have analyzed 30 years of data to show that global sea levels have risen by about 90 millimeters since 1993, with melting land ice now driving most of the increase. The study, using satellite laser ranging, indicates an average rise of 3.3 millimeters per year, a rate that is speeding up. Ocean mass from ice melt accounts for over 60 percent of the rise since 2005.
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A new review in Science highlights how calcifying plankton, tiny marine organisms that form calcium carbonate shells, are underrepresented in climate models. These plankton play a crucial role in the ocean carbon pump, pulling carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in deep waters. The omission could lead to underestimating the ocean's response to climate change.
Scientists have discovered that the Southern Ocean releases 40% more carbon dioxide during winter than previously estimated. Using laser satellite data and machine learning, researchers pierced the polar darkness to reveal this hidden emission burst. The findings reshape understanding of the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle.
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Researchers from Australian institutions have published a study in Nature highlighting abrupt, interlinked changes in Antarctica's ice, oceans, and ecosystems. These transformations, driven by rising carbon emissions, could lead to irreversible global impacts including sea-level rise and biodiversity loss. Urgent emission reductions are essential to mitigate further damage.