Immune System
Study links GDF3 signaling in aging macrophages to heightened inflammation and worse outcomes in infection models
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University of Minnesota researchers report that older mice’s macrophages can become locked in an inflammatory state through an autocrine signaling loop involving the protein GDF3 and the transcription factors SMAD2/3. In experiments, genetic deletion of Gdf3 or drugs that interfered with the pathway reduced inflammatory responses and improved survival in older endotoxemia models, while human cohort data linked higher GDF3 levels with markers of inflammation.
A recent clinical study shows that HDI Propoelix propolis extract can support the immune system in patients with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. The 30-day study was conducted at RS Soerojo Magelang and presented at a seminar in Jakarta on March 7, 2026. Experts emphasize that the supplement serves only as a complement, not a replacement for medical therapy.
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Researchers at University College London have discovered how the body naturally shuts down inflammation using fat-derived molecules called epoxy-oxylipins. These molecules prevent the buildup of immune cells linked to chronic diseases like arthritis and heart disease. A study involving a drug that boosts these molecules showed faster pain relief and reduced harmful immune activity.
A multi-year study has found that rheumatoid arthritis appears to begin years before joint pain or stiffness, with sweeping immune changes unfolding silently in people who carry RA‑linked antibodies. By tracking these at‑risk individuals over seven years, researchers documented systemic inflammation, immune cell dysfunction and epigenetic reprogramming, findings that could support earlier detection and prevention efforts.
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Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have found that certain macrophages, a type of immune cell, can form rapid, neuron-like connections with muscle fibers to speed healing. By delivering quick pulses of calcium into damaged muscle, these cells trigger repair-related activity within seconds. The findings, published online November 21, 2025, in Current Biology, could eventually inform new treatments for muscle injuries and degenerative conditions.