Study links human right-handedness to bipedalism and brain expansion

Researchers at the University of Oxford have found that upright walking and larger brains likely drove the strong right-hand preference seen in modern humans. The findings come from an analysis of primate species and extinct hominins.

A team led by Dr. Thomas A. Püschel examined data from 2,025 monkeys and apes across 41 species. They used Bayesian modeling to test factors such as brain size and the ratio of arm to leg length, a marker of bipedal movement. Once these traits were included, humans no longer stood out as an evolutionary exception among primates.

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MRI scans comparing normal and enlarged striatum in brains related to psychopathic traits study
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Brain scans link larger striatum to psychopathic traits, study finds

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MRI scans of 120 adults in the United States found that people with higher psychopathic traits had a striatum—an area involved in reward and motivation—that was about 10% larger on average than those with few or no such traits, according to a study in the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

A 555-million-year-old worm-like creature displayed a bias toward turning right, according to a new analysis of fossils from South Australia. The finding offers the earliest known evidence of handedness in animals.

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A new analysis of fossil skulls suggests that human brains grew larger over the past 2 million years without strong pressure from natural selection.

Three rhesus macaque monkeys equipped with brain-computer interfaces navigated virtual environments using only their thoughts. Researchers implanted around 300 electrodes in motor and premotor cortex areas to enable this control. The experiments aim to improve intuitive control for people with paralysis.

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A new theory from scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory suggests that brain cells use their cellular family tree to organize into a complex organ. The model explains how a single starting cell can form a brain with roughly 170 billion precisely positioned neurons.

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