Study links human right-handedness to bipedalism and brain expansion

Researchers at the University of Oxford have found that upright walking and larger brains likely drove the strong right-hand preference seen in modern humans. The findings come from an analysis of primate species and extinct hominins.

A team led by Dr. Thomas A. Püschel examined data from 2,025 monkeys and apes across 41 species. They used Bayesian modeling to test factors such as brain size and the ratio of arm to leg length, a marker of bipedal movement. Once these traits were included, humans no longer stood out as an evolutionary exception among primates.

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MRI scans comparing normal and enlarged striatum in brains related to psychopathic traits study
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Brain scans link larger striatum to psychopathic traits, study finds

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MRI scans of 120 adults in the United States found that people with higher psychopathic traits had a striatum—an area involved in reward and motivation—that was about 10% larger on average than those with few or no such traits, according to a study in the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

A recent study indicates that left-handed individuals may have an edge in competitive situations, while right-handed people are better at cooperation. This finding challenges evolutionary expectations about handedness. Researchers explore why around 10 percent of humans remain left-handed despite potential survival disadvantages.

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Researchers have uncovered a 7.2-million-year-old femur in Bulgaria that shows features suggesting bipedal walking, predating known African hominin fossils. The find, linked to the ape species Graecopithecus freybergi, challenges the idea that upright walking evolved solely in Africa. However, experts caution that more evidence is needed to confirm bipedality.

Three rhesus macaque monkeys equipped with brain-computer interfaces navigated virtual environments using only their thoughts. Researchers implanted around 300 electrodes in motor and premotor cortex areas to enable this control. The experiments aim to improve intuitive control for people with paralysis.

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A newly described crocodile relative from the Late Triassic period began life walking on four legs before adopting a bipedal stance in adulthood, scientists say. The poodle-sized Sonselasuchus cedrus, unearthed in Arizona, reveals unusual growth patterns in ancient reptiles. Researchers detailed the findings in a study published this year.

Scientists have found genetic evidence that modern humans reached New Guinea and Australia around 60,000 years ago, backing the long chronology over more recent estimates. The international team, led by researchers at the University of Huddersfield and the University of Southampton, analyzed nearly 2,500 mitochondrial DNA genomes from Aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, and Southeast Asian populations. Their work suggests early migrants used at least two routes through Southeast Asia.

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A newly discovered fossil ape from northern Egypt, named Masripithecus moghraensis, dates to 17-18 million years ago and may be closely related to the ancestors of modern apes. Researchers argue this finding shifts the focus from East Africa to northern Africa for early ape evolution. The species provides key insights into hominoid diversity during a period of continental connections.

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