中国向ITU提交创纪录卫星申请

中国已向国际电信联盟(ITU)提交了涉及14个星座共20.3万颗卫星的网络信息计划,这是该国有史以来最大规模的卫星频率和轨道资源国际协调申报。专家表示,此举将激活整个空间产业链,从制造到发射,推动中国航天产业进入产业规模化新阶段。该申请涉及多家运营商和研究机构,但实际部署面临重大挑战。

中国于2025年12月25日至31日在国际电信联盟(ITU)提交了覆盖中低轨14个星座共20.3万颗卫星的频率和轨道资源申请。这是该国有史以来最大规模的协调申报,不仅包括传统运营商,还涵盖研究机构、商业航天企业和中国移动、中国电信等电信巨头。申报由河北省新型国家研究机构——无线电频谱使用与技术创新研究院牵头。主要申请者包括总部位于河北的中国卫星网络集团,计划部署12,992颗卫星,以及上海远鑫卫星科技有限公司,目标超过1.5万颗。湖南天仪空间创始人兼CEO杨峰表示,这种规模反映了长期国家战略,而非即时能力。“中国的卫星互联网发展以全国协调为特征,将其从单一商业项目提升为政府新型基础设施建设,”他说。根据ITU规则,此类提交是全球运营商的第一步,需要技术审查和实际发射以获得权利——通常在部署前2至7年。然而,杨峰警告:“申报领先并不意味着执行领先;将计划转化为运营星座在系统工程、制造和发射能力方面面临重大挑战。”截至2025年5月,低轨运行卫星约10,824颗,利用率18%。美国通过SpaceX的Starlink占据全球活跃航天器75.94%,中国占9.43%。北京邮电大学副教授张志龙估计,中国需5至10年才能匹配Starlink的发射量,并敦促探索直接到手机标准、终端成本和产业协调等生态系统。该消息引发商业航天股波动:周一涨停10%,周二跌超10%。此次申报标志着中国在全球卫星竞赛中缩小差距的努力,但实现取决于克服重大障碍。

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