French Constitutional Council approves nearly all of 2026 finance bill, including holding tax

The French Constitutional Council validated nearly all of the 2026 finance bill on February 19, censoring only eight minor provisions and issuing reservations on two others. This includes approval of the holding tax despite Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's referral, allowing President Emmanuel Macron to promulgate the law after the National Assembly's adoption earlier in February.

Following the National Assembly's adoption of the 2026 finance bill on February 2 after rejecting no-confidence motions, the Constitutional Council—presided by Richard Ferrand—met on February 19 and approved the text almost entirely. Only eight minor provisions were censored, with reservations on two articles to constrain interpretations.

For the first time in 49 years, Lecornu had referred three fiscal measures to the Council: the new holding tax, tightened Dutreil tax niche, and restricted apport-cession mechanism (allowing tax-free reinvestment of company sale proceeds). None were overturned, preserving measures targeting high earners drawn from the Senate version and amendments.

This decision concludes a four-month saga that began in July 2025, enabling final promulgation and ending debates on the budget aiming for a 5% GDP deficit.

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French National Assembly adopts 2026 budget after rejecting no-confidence motions and months of debate

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The French National Assembly on February 2, 2026, rejected two no-confidence motions against Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's government, definitively adopting the 2026 finance bill after a four-month saga of intense debates. The compromise text targets a 5% GDP deficit—deemed insufficient by experts—following concessions, three uses of Article 49.3, and opposition criticism, with the bill now headed to the Constitutional Council for review before late promulgation.

France's 2026 budget remains inapplicable due to multiple referrals to the Constitutional Council, including by the government itself. This unprecedented move since 1977 suspends its implementation until a decision expected by February 20. Several opposition parties have also challenged fiscal and social measures in the text adopted on February 2.

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In the night of November 21 to 22, 2025, the French National Assembly rejected almost unanimously the first part of the 2026 finance bill, concerning revenues. Only one favorable vote and 84 abstentions were recorded against 404 rejections. The government's initial text will be sent to the Senate without the adopted amendments.

The Senate's finance commission adopted a series of amendments to the 2026 budget draft on Monday, November 24, aiming for lower corporate taxes and more savings while keeping the deficit target at 4.7% of GDP. Amid the blockage in the National Assembly, Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu called for votes on absolute priorities such as defense and agriculture. The Senate also rejected government-proposed restrictions on sick leave.

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France's 2026 finance law concludes with a fragile compromise, criticized as a list of renunciations amid demographic, climate challenges and an unsustainable debt. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu announced on January 16 a lackluster deal, where each party claims small victories amid widespread frustration.

Following Parliament's unanimous adoption of a special finance law on December 23, 2025, to bridge funding amid failed 2026 budget talks, Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu insists a compromise remains possible in January. Yet, the measure—echoing last year's—prolongs uncertainty rooted in the June 2024 National Assembly dissolution, with significant fiscal and political costs.

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After several days of intense debates in the National Assembly, the 2026 finance bill increasingly resembles a 'Frankenstein' budget, a patchwork of contradictory amendments complicating its final adoption. The executive, avoiding Article 49.3, faces strong opposition on measures like the surtax on multinationals and limits on sick leave. Lawmakers from all sides have adopted or suppressed key provisions, raising the risk of overall rejection.

 

 

 

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