Volcanoes
Modelling of Earth's ancient carbon cycle reveals that volcanic arcs only became a dominant source of greenhouse gas emissions towards the end of the dinosaur era. This shift occurred around 100 million years ago, driven by the emergence of certain ocean plankton 150 million years prior. Previously, most carbon was released through rifting processes rather than volcanic activity.
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The National Geology and Mining Service (Sernageomin) responded to observations from the Regional Comptroller's Office of La Araucanía regarding deficiencies in monitoring Volcán Villarrica, assuring that surveillance and alerts are unaffected. The agency highlights that the volcano has over 30 operational teams and an online network for real-time data. The Comptroller identified 597 unused teams and outdated emergency plans.
Scientists propose that explosive volcanic eruptions billions of years ago transported water from Mars's interior to its equatorial regions, forming thick ice layers beneath the surface. This mechanism explains radar-detected ice in the planet's hottest area without relying on shifts in Mars's axial tilt. The discovery could aid future human missions by providing accessible water resources.