Household mold poses health and structural risks, but commercial cleaners can be toxic. Earth911 tested several natural alternatives to find effective, non-chemical solutions. Vinegar emerged as the top performer among DIY options.
Mold, a common fungus that thrives in moist environments, can trigger allergies, asthma, and serious illnesses while damaging home surfaces like walls and carpets. Spores are ubiquitous, making mold growth nearly inevitable in damp conditions, even in clean homes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises against mold testing, recommending immediate removal upon discovery regardless of type. Mold appears in various colors, with 'black mold' being a frequent but not necessarily dangerous form.
Prevention focuses on moisture control: fixing leaks in roofs, pipes, and windows promptly; removing absorbent materials like carpeting after water exposure; and using exhaust fans or dehumidifiers to keep indoor humidity below 50%. For areas exceeding 10 square feet of mold, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggests consulting its guide on mold remediation in schools and commercial buildings, potentially requiring professional intervention. Once embedded in materials like drywall or insulation, mold often necessitates replacement.
Safe removal requires ventilation, protective gear including masks, gloves, and goggles, and avoiding mixing products to prevent toxic gases. The process involves saturating the area, waiting a few minutes to an hour, and scrubbing. Commercial removers typically use biocides like sodium hypochlorite (bleach), with a DIY solution of one cup bleach per gallon of water. However, the EPA discourages routine biocide use due to toxicity and the risk of overlooking underlying moisture issues.
Earth911 tested natural options. Tea tree oil (1 teaspoon per cup of water) showed no visible effect despite its fungicidal reputation, though it has a strong odor. Grapefruit seed extract (10 drops per cup) was odorless and somewhat effective, removing some mold but leaving most intact. Undiluted white vinegar proved most successful among naturals, outperforming a bleach-based commercial product slightly. Other suggested remedies include lemon juice, baking soda, and hydrogen peroxide, though untested by Earth911.
This guidance, originally published in 2021, was updated in October 2025 to reflect ongoing relevance.