China-US critical minerals rivalry intensifies with African mine deals

On January 28, 2026, China's Zijin Mining announced a US$4 billion takeover of Allied Gold's three African mines. On February 3, Swiss mining giant Glencore entered talks to sell a 40 per cent stake in its Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) copper and cobalt operations to the US-backed Orion Critical Mineral Consortium. These developments underscore the escalating competition between China and the United States over critical minerals.

The year 2026 is likened to a chess match where critical minerals form the opening gambit, with both China and the United States going all out. On January 28, China's Zijin Mining announced a US$4 billion takeover of Allied Gold's three African mines, signaling further expansion of China's reserves in the region.

Just days later, on February 3, Swiss mining giant Glencore entered talks to sell a 40 per cent stake in its Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) copper and cobalt operations to the US-backed Orion Critical Mineral Consortium. This move is part of the US approach to deploy capital and diplomatic leverage to make up for China's years-long head start in building its reserves.

Keywords such as trade war, tech war, rare earths, Europe, Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa, and others highlight the tensions in global supply chains.

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Argentine and U.S. officials Pablo Quirno and Marco Rubio shake hands after signing critical minerals agreement in Washington D.C.
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Argentina signs strategic agreement with US on critical minerals

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Argentina and the United States signed an agreement in Washington D.C. to boost the supply and processing of critical minerals, vital for new technologies. Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno and his counterpart Marco Rubio took part in the signing at the Ministerial Meeting on Critical Minerals on February 4, 2026.

In February 2026, the United States at the inaugural Critical Minerals Ministerial sought to rally more than 50 countries and the European Union around a landmark framework to loosen China’s control over the global critical minerals trade. The effort aims to counter Beijing’s dominance in the sector.

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The US State Department hosted the first Critical Minerals Ministerial on Wednesday, attended by representatives from over 50 countries and organizations, aiming to break China's dominance in critical minerals vital for smartphones, weapons, and electric vehicle batteries. Vice President JD Vance called on allies to join the initiative to ensure fair market pricing and supply chain stability.

The University of the Witwatersrand has opened a new research centre to transform speculation about Africa's underground treasures into solid data, potentially boosting exploration investments. Launched in November 2025, the African Research Centre for Ore Systems Science aims to bridge the gap between outdated estimates and actual mineral deposits. This initiative comes amid discussions at the 2026 Mining Indaba on revitalizing Africa's lagging exploration sector.

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Foreign investors like Real Madrid president Florentino Pérez and former Bolivian president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada are involved in extracting critical raw materials in Germany. Despite the boom, there are no rules ensuring the resources benefit the EU economy. Economists call for greater state control over exports.

A new report from the Minerals Council South Africa highlights severe challenges facing the country's junior mining sector, noting that illegal operations are easier to run than legal ones. The document points to a lack of exploration investment, criminal threats, and regulatory hurdles as major barriers. It warns that without support, the sector's potential for jobs and growth remains untapped.

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