Astrobiology
A new study suggests that hydrogen cyanide, a highly poisonous chemical, could have played a key role in the origins of life by forming reactive ice crystals in extreme cold. Computer simulations show these crystals promote unusual chemical reactions that produce building blocks for life. The findings highlight the chemical potential of frozen environments, including those beyond Earth.
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In 2025, detailed analysis of rocks collected by NASA's Perseverance rover has uncovered tantalising clues suggesting past microbial life on Mars. Features like 'leopard spots' and greenish mineral nodules resemble those linked to microbes on Earth. However, confirming these signs requires returning the samples to Earth, a mission now at risk of cancellation.
Scientists have measured the colors of microbes living high in Earth's atmosphere, revealing pigments that protect against UV light. These findings suggest that similar biosignatures in exoplanet clouds could indicate alien life. The research provides reference spectra for future astronomical observations.
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Researchers have discovered evidence of microbial activity in 3.7-billion-year-old rocks from Greenland, suggesting life on Earth may have begun earlier than previously thought. The findings, published in Nature, challenge existing timelines for the origins of life. This could reshape our understanding of early planetary habitability.
NASA researchers proposed that Titan's lakes could support primitive cellular life, advancing astrobiology theories. The idea was presented on September 6, 2025. It draws from recent data analysis.