Mitochondria
Researchers identify sticky mitochondrial DNA damage tied to cellular stress and disease risk
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Scientists at the University of California, Riverside have identified a previously unknown form of mitochondrial DNA damage known as glutathionylated DNA adducts, which build up at dramatically higher levels in mitochondrial DNA than in nuclear DNA. The lesions disrupt energy production and activate stress-response pathways, and researchers say the work could help explain how damaged mitochondrial DNA contributes to inflammation and diseases including diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration.
Researchers in Japan have discovered that boosting a protein called COX7RP in mice improves mitochondrial function, leading to longer lives and better health. The engineered mice lived 6.6% longer on average, with enhanced metabolism and reduced signs of aging. This finding points to potential ways to promote healthier aging in humans.
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Biomedical engineers at Texas A&M University have used nanoflowers to make stem cells produce roughly twice the usual number of mitochondria. These enhanced stem cells then transfer the extra energy-producing organelles to damaged or aging cells, restoring their energy production and resilience in lab studies, according to a new report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.