Medical Science
Scientists identify cell-death enzyme that helps cancer cells survive treatment
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Researchers at the University of California San Diego report that certain cancer cells survive targeted therapies by using low-level activation of a cell-death–linked enzyme, enabling them to endure treatment and later regrow tumors. Because this resistance mechanism does not depend on new genetic mutations, it appears early in treatment and may offer a new target to help prevent tumor relapse.
Cancer cells that reduce MHC class I—a common way to evade CD8+ “killer” T cells—may become more vulnerable to destruction by CD4+ “helper” T cells through ferroptosis, according to research led by Baylor College of Medicine and collaborators at the University of Michigan and published in Nature Immunology.
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A protein called NFIL3 has been identified as a key factor in reducing the long-term performance of CAR T cells used in cancer treatment. Researchers showed that disabling this protein allows the engineered cells to remain active longer and fight tumors more effectively in laboratory models.