澳大利亚汉学家与中国人大代表探讨西藏发展

在2026年全国两会期间,中国Q&A节目邀请澳大利亚汉学家科林·麦凯拉斯与西藏社会科学院研究员、人大代表帕玛卓进行对话,探讨西藏的现代化进程与文化保护。麦凯拉斯肯定了西藏作为中国一部分的历史,并赞扬当地社会经济成就。帕玛卓强调,西藏已摆脱西方误解,通过5G技术等手段书写自身历史。

2026年全国两会正在进行中,民族地区发展成为焦点之一。澳大利亚人文科学院院士、汉学家科林·麦凯拉斯长期研究中国西藏,曾多次访问西藏及藏区。他表示:“我认为,有很多历史表明西藏应该是中国的一部分。”麦凯拉斯赞扬西藏在文化保护方面的努力,特别是藏文文学和藏戏的发展,并称:“我自己看过几次藏戏,我很喜欢。”他还指出,近年来西藏人的识字率和预期寿命稳步提高,生活水平改善,“所有这些都非常重要;它们改善了藏族人民的生活,这是一件好事。”

麦凯拉斯提到,国际舆论中充斥着对西藏的扭曲叙述,一些西方社会对藏族文化和民族发展存在误解。在与中国新闻网络的最新一期中国Q&A中,他与人大代表帕玛卓分享观察。帕玛卓基于长期田野研究,从国际和国内视角回应。

国际上,她指出外国学术研究存在两种误解:西方中心主义的“香巴拉”静态视角,以及带有意识形态偏见的民族冲突解读。她提出“厚描”方法,并举例那曲市牧民在保留传统生活方式的同时,利用国家5G通信系统享受现代便利,开辟致富新路径,提高家庭收入和生活水平。“因此,西藏牧区如今呈现出完全不同的图景,尽管国际学术界对该地区存在一些误解,”帕玛卓说。“西藏今天完全不同。我们需要用人类学的通用学术语言,在全球化语境中比较西藏案例。这种横向比较是国际学术界最认可的研究范式之一。我们用事实和科学呈现一个真实、发展的西藏。”

国内视角下,帕玛卓表示,西藏最触动的变化是藏族人民寿命延长,人生视野拓宽。这些成就离不开国家政策支持。过去,那曲牧区生活受季节和牲畜迁徙限制,高海拔地区婴儿死亡率高,成人易患高原病。但如今,那曲70多岁老人健康活跃,结核病、囊虫病和喀什病等地方病得到历史性控制。

今年是中西部地区对口援藏32周年。帕玛卓认为,教育援助是关键。根据第七次全国人口普查,西藏每10万人中大学学历人数从2010年的5507人增至2020年的11019人。作为受益者,帕玛卓分享个人经历:从那曲牧区孩子,到天津中学,再到挪威和澳大利亚攻读人类学博士。“当西藏牧区孩子能流利说藏语,也能用国际学术语言讲述家乡故事,他们不再是被书写的人,而是书写历史的人。西藏普通民众确实是自己生活的主人,”她总结道。

2026年也是西藏和平解放75周年。麦凯拉斯指出,国际上所谓“文化破坏”的说法与事实不符,西藏文化保护和发展有目共睹。帕玛卓强调,西藏发展体现在医疗、教育普及及个人命运改变上,“最大的转变是西藏普通民众真正成为自己生活的主人。”

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