日本政府将情报机构纳入外国投资审查,效仿美国CFIUS

日本政府计划要求外国公司和投资者在对日本企业投资且国家安全风险较高时,由情报机构进行审查。2026年,将成立相当于美国外国投资委员会(CFIUS)的新组织参与这些审查。目的是防止日本企业持有的技术和信息向海外泄露。

日本政府计划向2026年的常会国会提交修订《外汇及外国贸易法》的法案,旨在更严格地监控外国投资对国家安全的影响。该修订将明确情报机构的参与,特别是针对航天开发和核能等指定业务领域的高风险投资。

目前,外国实体在收购日本上市公司1%以上的股份或非上市公司即使单一股票时,必须事先通知并接受审查。这些审查由财务省和经济产业省等行政机构处理,但情报机构的角色迄今为止一直不明朗。政府指出,2024财年审查申请达2903件,是美国的约8倍。

类似于CFIUS的新组织预计将包括财务省、经济产业省、国家安全保障局和内阁情报调查室的官员。审查官员人数将从约70人增至约140人。该举措是高市早苗首相的重要政策承诺,并写入自民党和日本维新会的联合协议。

相比之下,美国CFIUS已发布10项禁止收购令,大多涉及中国公司或基金,不包括日本製铁收购美国钢铁的案例。日本旨在加强对外国收购持有日本股份的其他外国公司的审查。

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