DNA scar catalog opens paths to overcome cancer drug resistances
Researchers at Spain's National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have developed a comprehensive catalog of mutational 'scars' in DNA caused by cancer. This breakthrough, published in Nature, could help bypass resistances to treatments like PARP inhibitors. The study analyzes thousands of tumor samples to identify key genetic patterns.
On October 2, 2025, Spain's National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) in Madrid announced a new catalog of mutational signatures, known as 'DNA scars,' marking a significant step forward in the fight against cancer. Led by researcher Oscar Fernández-Capetillo, the team analyzed over 10,000 tumor samples to map 50 distinct patterns of mutations caused by errors in DNA replication during cancer development.
These 'scars' are genetic footprints left by processes like faulty replication or incompletely repaired damage, enabling cancer cells to survive and become resistant to targeted therapies. According to the study published in the journal Nature, this catalog serves as a 'dictionary' of the wounds cancer inflicts on the genome. 'This catalog is like a dictionary of the wounds that cancer leaves on DNA,' explained Fernández-Capetillo in a statement.
The research context stems from the need to understand why some cancers, such as ovarian or breast cancers with BRCA mutations, initially respond to PARP inhibitors but later develop resistances. By identifying these mutational signatures, scientists can predict which treatments will fail and design alternative strategies, such as combining therapies to exploit specific tumor weaknesses.
The potential impact is substantial for personalized medicine. For instance, the catalog shows that certain scars are linked to high genomic instability, opening doors to immunotherapies or new drugs. However, the researchers caution that further clinical studies are needed to validate these applications in patients. This advance builds on data from international efforts like the Cancer Genome Project, underscoring global collaboration in oncology.
In summary, the CNIO's work not only deepens understanding of cancer biology but also illuminates paths to more effective therapies, potentially reducing the suffering of millions affected by this disease.