US-China digital money split deepens as stablecoin Clarity Act stalls

US crypto advocates cite competition with China's interest-bearing e-CNY to push for stablecoin yield clarity, but banks' opposition stalls the Clarity Act. Experts say the two largest economies are pursuing very different digital money strategies.

US crypto advocates have increasingly pointed to competition with China’s new interest-bearing e-CNY to demand legislative clarity on stablecoin yields, but this clashes with banks, slowing US legislation including the Clarity Act. China is charting a completely different course for the future of digital money, experts said. “The world’s two largest economies are not so much competing in digital assets as they are pursuing very different strategies,” said Andrew Fei, a partner at law firm King & Wood Mallesons in Hong Kong. Winston Ma, adjunct professor and executive director of the Global Public Investment Funds Forum at the New York University School of Law, described the US-China competition in digital assets as intense but “asymmetrical”. “At this stage, Beijing is deliberately choosing a different digital-money model from Washington: China is putting the sovereign e-CNY at the centre of its architecture, while the US is effectively letting privately issued dollar stablecoins lead the way,” Ma said. Banks argue that stablecoin yields would attract deposits away and reduce their ability to lend to the real economy, while crypto firms say that allowing rewards on holding stablecoins would promote digital asset innovation.

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Senators Thom Tillis and Angela Alsobrooks unveil bipartisan CLARITY Act compromise banning certain stablecoin yields while allowing legitimate rewards, endorsed by crypto leaders.
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Senators release CLARITY Act compromise on stablecoin yields

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U.S. Senators Thom Tillis and Angela Alsobrooks released compromise text Friday for the CLARITY Act, addressing stablecoin yields as the final major hurdle in the crypto market structure bill. The agreement bans yields equivalent to bank deposits but allows rewards for bona fide activities. Crypto industry leaders quickly endorsed it and urged the Senate Banking Committee to schedule a markup.

The Senate Banking Committee plans to mark up the CLARITY Act next week, but Democratic demands for conflict-of-interest rules and banking opposition to stablecoin rewards threaten to derail the effort. Negotiators reached a compromise on stablecoin yields earlier this month, yet banks argue the language still permits evasion. A long-delayed vote on the bill, which aims to clarify digital asset oversight between the SEC and CFTC, now hangs in the balance.

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Following last week's stablecoin yield compromise by Senators Tillis and Alsobrooks, crypto stocks rallied and markup expectations grew for the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act. Circle shares surged 18% amid optimism for Senate Banking Committee action the week of May 11, despite banking pushback.

Analysts and investors say the Hong Kong Monetary Authority’s (HKMA) cautious issuance of only two stablecoin licences to traditional banks prioritises risk control but limits Hong Kong’s digital asset ambitions. The market had expected at least three licences for issuers from broader backgrounds.

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The Senate Banking Committee voted 15-9 to advance the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act on May 17. The move signals progress toward a regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies in the United States, though the bill still requires a full Senate vote.

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