Kvanttimekaniikka
Fysiikan Nobel-palkinto 2025 kvanttifysikoille
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John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret ja John M. Martinis saavat vuoden 2025 fysiikan Nobel-palkinnon kokeista, jotka osoittavat kvantti-tunneloinnin makroskooppisissa piireissä. Heidän 1980-luvun puolivälin työnsä loi perustan suprajohdete kvanttitietokoneille. Palkinnon saajat ilmaisivat suuren yllätyksensä palkinnosta.
Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton developed a framework in the 1820s and 1830s that linked the paths of light rays and moving particles, an idea that later proved crucial to quantum mechanics. Born 220 years ago, Hamilton's work, including carving a formula on Dublin's Broome Bridge in 1843, built on earlier physics but revealed deeper connections only understood a century later. This insight helped shape modern theories of wave-particle duality.
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Researchers at EPFL have developed a method to measure the duration of ultrafast quantum events without using an external clock. By analyzing electron spin changes during photoemission, they found that transition times vary significantly based on a material's atomic structure. Simpler structures lead to longer delays, ranging from 26 to over 200 attoseconds.